In the last few decades, rapid global demand for edible oils has resulted in a significant increase in the land area of oil crop cultivation. Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivation on amended palm press fibre waste The finding of this study contributes towards material development and utilization in promoting `waste into wealth' which is in line with national aspiration. Result shows that 5 wt% and 7 wt% treated palm fiber loadings have better specific wear rate compared to lower fiber loadings. Dry sliding wear test was performed at room temperature at a constant velocity of 1.4 m/s with a constant load of 10 N by using the Abrasion Test Machine. Surface roughness of the composite material was also measured using the surface measuring instrument. The wear test samples were fabricated using hand lay-up technique and cured at room temperature for 24 hours. The fiber was treated in order to remove amorphous materials such as hemicelluloses, lignins and pectins of the fiber. The palm fibers were soaked into 6 % of alkaline solution or natrium hydroxide (NaOH) for 12 hours. Testing was carried out which focused on the effect of alkaline treatment to the palm fiber under different amounts of fiber loading i.e. Abrasive wear testing was deployed to investigate the wear profile of the composite surfaces. This paper presents a study on the effect of alkaline treatment on wear properties of palm fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite. The palm fiber is one of the natural fibers used as reinforcement in composite materials in order to decrease environmental issues and promotes utilization of renewable resources. Oil palm industries generate at least 30 million tons of lignocellulosic biomass annually in the form of oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunches (EFB), oil palm fronds (OPF) and palm pressed fibres (PPF). Razak, Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Bakar, Mimi Azlina Abu Kasolang, Salmiah Ahmad, Mohamad Ali The effect of fiber treatment on abrasive wear properties of palm fiber reinforced epoxy composite The analysis of products by HPLC after enzymatic degradation is useful method to examine the digestibility and the sugar composition of oil palm by-products. These results suggest that the combination of alkali treatment and irradiation is effective for digestion by enzyme. The difference of neutral sugar component was observed between alkali treated and untreated samples. Alkali treatment is also quite effective to enzymatic degradation. Higher dose is more effective for the digestion of EFB by enzyme. By irradiation, digestibility of EFB was significantly increased.
The differences of digestibility between irradiated and unirradiated samples were shown clearly by the combination of enzymatic degradation and the HPLC analysis. The results show that the digestibility of EFB and PPF increased significantly by delignification. According to the colorimetric analysis, produced reducing sugar from holocellulose of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Press Fiber (PPF) by Cellulase ONOZUKA 3S were about ten times higher than those from raw samples.
Awang, M.R.Įffect of irradiation and alkali treatment for digestibility of oil palm by-products by commercial enzymes was investigated to obtain the informations about formation of carbohydrate polymers or sugar components for producing animal feed from cellulosic by-products. Matsuhashi, Shinpei Kume, Tamikazu Othman, Z.BT. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Some chemical properties of irradiated empty fruit bunch and palm press fiber of oil palm byproducts
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